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In recent years, with the emergence of a large number of high-rise residential quarters, meter reading and billing problems for residential water meters have gradually shifted from the original manual door-to-door meter reading to remote automatic meter reading. This is an inevitable requirement for the development of the information age. This action not only eases the labor intensity of meter reading staff, increases the efficiency of meter reading, but also saves the cost of meter reading labor and promotes the development of property management.
1. System Principle Overview The base meter with the sensor emits pulse signals during operation. These information pulse signals are transmitted to the computer through the network for data storage, conversion, and processing. We can obtain accurate readings of the base table in real time. Therefore, a remote transmission system can consist of two parts. The first part is the base table with sensors, and the second part is the network processing equipment. The former is the basis for the stable and reliable work of the entire system, and the latter is a manifestation of the system's powerful functions and complement each other.
2. General requirements for system design 1) The selection system should have accurate measurement, stable and reliable operation, simple and convenient maintenance, and advanced technology.
2) Before the smart remote water meter system is officially used, it must be tested and put into use after passing the test. The test time is generally not less than 1 year.
3) The structure of the smart remote water meter should be integral, and the installed sensor device should not hinder the counting and reading of the mechanical indicator device, ie it does not affect the measurement accuracy and reading of the mechanical meter.
4) The cumulative flow rate of the intelligent remote water meter should be based on the accumulated mechanical flow count of the base meter rather than the electronic reading.
5) The error between the cumulative flow electronic value formed by the intelligent remote water meter electronic count signal conversion and the mechanical count accumulated flow value should be ≤±1m3, otherwise the quality of the electromechanical conversion part is unqualified.
6) The use of the district as a unit of centralized meter reading method, the system error rate of remote meter reading should be ≤ 2.00%, the success rate of meter reading should be ≥ 99%, otherwise the selection system is not qualified.
3. System Design Technical Requirements 3.1 Basic Table Technical Requirements:
The base table length, connection end thread or flange, pressure loss and flow rate technical parameters shall comply with the relevant provisions of the national standard GB/T778-1996 "Cold water meter", and shall have class B or higher accuracy level. The base table should have the manufacturer's name or registered trademark as well as the product's name and model number.
3.2 Sensor Technical Requirements:
The sensor is the most important part of the intelligent remote water meter system and is a key part of the selection and use.
(1) The sensor can be divided according to the signal conversion mode: 1. Real-time conversion: The signal element of this kind of sensor electromechanical conversion unit generally generates continuous electromechanical conversion signal. 2. Direct reading type: The electromechanical transducer unit of this type of sensor directly reads the accumulated flow signal from the mechanical indicating device of the base meter when reading the meter remotely.
(2) The service life of the sensor should be ≥ 7 years.
(3) In the selection and use, direct reading sensors should be preferred.
(4) The sensor should have good anti-electromagnetic field, radiation, water hammer and other external interference capabilities. The sensor should not be damaged under electromagnetic interference such as electrostatic discharge, radio frequency electromagnetic field radiation, electrostatic field, electrical fast transient pulse group, surge (impact), etc. Sensors with data processing and storage functions should not lose memory data.
(5) The sensor should not be damaged under the conditions of dry heat, low temperature, hot and humid climate, data processing and storage, should not lose the memory data, and can work normally. In addition, there should be rain and sun protection capabilities.
(6) The sensor signal lead should be reserved 1 meter long and set of stainless steel hose protection, and the connection with the external signal line should be in the junction box and use a special crimping terminal.
3.3 Technical requirements of signal collector, main collector, hand scanner and terminal computer:
(1) Signal collectors and master collectors should not be damaged or should not lose their memory data under hot, cold, or humid climate conditions.
(2) The main board and the wiring board of the signal collector and the main collector should adopt jack (card) type connection for maintenance and replacement.
(3) should have data processing, information storage and communication capabilities. The stored information should include the number of the signal collector and the installation location, number, type, and accumulated water volume of the remote water meter. If necessary, other working conditions should be added, such as disconnection, error, large amount of water, and other information.
(4) Data should be provided with abnormal interrupt protection. External power supply interruption, internal battery replacement, or communication failure should not result in loss of memory data and normal operation after recovery.
(5) The maximum drive capacity of a signal collector shall not be less than 32 remote water meters, the maximum drive capacity of a master collector shall not be less than 64 signal collectors, and a hand scanner may store no less than 15,000 Remote water meter data information.
3.4 Communication Technology Requirements:
The communication method of the system is divided into two types: 1. Communication in the area as a unit, 2. Communication between a hand scanner and a computer terminal. There are three forms of communication in the area: 1. Communication between the smart remote water meter and the signal collector; 2. Communication between the smart remote water meter, the signal collector, and the main collector. 3. Signal collector or Communication between the main collector and the reader.
(1) The technical parameters, data transmission status, electrical characteristics, and optical characteristics (such as transmission baud rate, driving voltage, driving current, radio frequency, etc.) used in communications should be in accordance with the standards currently used by the country.
(2) The communication in the area can be RS-485, M-BUS, RS-232, photoelectric and wireless. The communication distance between the intelligent remote water meter and the signal collector is not less than 100 meters. The communication distance between RS-485, M-BUS and wireless when used between the signal collector and the main collector is not less than 1200 meters. RS-232 communication distance is not less than 5 meters. Optical communication distance is not less than 2 meters. Communication should be safe and reliable, accurate and timely data, meter reading success rate should be ≥ 99%. The remote-reading meter reading network equipment based on the RS-485 bus is a mature and practical network system equipment. It has the characteristics of good security, reliability, and high cost performance. It is currently widely used.
(3) The communication protocol shall comply with the technical parameters and requirements set by the meter reading system and be able to communicate normally and with accurate data.
3.5 Line Requirements:
(1) Signal lines, communication lines, and power lines should be selected according to system requirements, and reserve lines should be left.
(2) The line shall be protected by a separate threading pipeline, shall not be connected with a strong line and a line pipe slot, and have a mounting distance of more than 50 cm from the strong line.
3.6 Power Requirements:
(1) The AC220V power supply of the signal collector and the main collector shall be independently set up to provide unified power supply and may not be shared with other unrelated equipment to prevent irregular power outages from affecting the normal operation of the system. In addition, each signal collector and the main collector AC220V power supply should be set at ground and leakage switches.
(2) When the external power supply fails, the memory data before the failure should not be lost and can be read within at least one year. In addition, power interruptions should not affect the performance and parameters of the system.
(3) When using the battery, the battery specification and date of replacement should be indicated for future replacement.
3.7 Lightning Protection Requirements:
(1) The system should have internal lightning protection devices, especially the signal collector and the main collector should have good lightning protection capabilities, and the grounding resistance of the signal collector and the main collector should not exceed 1Ω when using the common grounding device. In the use of dedicated grounding device should not exceed 4Ω.
(2) Apply a lightning arrester to the power supply of the signal acquisition device and the main collector, and add a signal lightning arrester to the incoming signal. In order to further protect the equipment against lightning, the technical parameters of the surge protector should be provided to prevent the performance of the device from being changed after the surge protector is added. This prevents the system from operating properly and reading the meter.
4. System test method 1) The system needs to be tested before it is officially applied. It can be set as a system test, or it can be tested separately.
2) Sensor electromechanical conversion error test. The test results shall meet the requirements, that is, the error between the cumulative flow electronic value of the electronic count signal conversion form and the mechanical count accumulated flow value should be ≤±1m3.
3) Sensor electromechanical conversion reliability test. The real-time intelligent telemetering test should be conducted under harsh environment conditions to check the influence of the environment on the sensor. The direct-reading smart teleportation test is at least selected in the most unfavorable condition of the carry-in of each character wheel. For example, after a jump from 9 to 0, the jump process requires no less than 3 words. Reading mechanical readings and electronic readings before and after the test, comparing the data, judging their similarity and relevance, requiring consistent readings, no error codes, garbled characters, and blind spots.
4) Signal collector, main collector and hand scanner tests. Test the function, performance and parameters of the device to meet the requirements. Remote communication test can be carried out synchronously. The terminal computer communication mode can be GPRS, CDMA, GSM and telephone lines. Communication should be safe, reliable and accurate and timely.
5) The meter reading period is once per day. Record the fault phenomenon and do analysis. Monthly technical summary.
6) Make a summary every three months. One year later, a comprehensive analysis and summary are conducted to verify the measurement accuracy and reliability of the system sensors, and to verify whether the various functions, performance, and parameters of the system devices meet the requirements and whether the stability of the system meets the requirements. Determine if the system is optional.
5. System supplier selection and service requirements:
1) Suppliers should give priority to selecting leading manufacturers with advanced technology, stable quality and large scale.
2) The delivery period should not exceed 15 days.
3) When installing the system, technical personnel of the supplier shall go to the construction site for technical guidance, installation and commissioning, and system acceptance. Free training for the installation of 2-3 technicians, installers and software operators.
4) The system equipment should be free for warranty for a number of years, with lifelong technical support. System equipment is damaged due to quality reasons and is replaced free of charge within 2 years. When the system fails to be repaired, the supplier shall promptly provide technical services and repair spare parts.
5) When the system hardware or software is updated, free update should be performed in time.
Abstract: In recent years, with the emergence of a large number of high-rise residential quarters, meter reading billing for residential water meters has gradually shifted from the original manual door-to-door meter reading to remote automatic meter reading. This is an inevitable requirement for the development of the information age. This action not only eases the labor intensity of meter reading staff, increases the efficiency of meter reading, but also saves the cost of meter reading labor and promotes the development of property management.