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Fourth, the numerical control equipment to the work environment request The precision numerical control equipment generally has the constant temperature environment request, only under the constant temperature condition, can guarantee the machine tool precision and the processing degree. General general-purpose numerically-controlled machine tools have no specific requirements for the room temperature, but a great deal of practice shows that when the room temperature is too high, the failure rate of the numerical control system greatly increases. Humid environment will reduce the reliability of CNC machine tools, especially in humid environment with large acid gas, which will cause printed circuit boards and connectors to rust, and electrical faults of machine tools will increase. Therefore, some users in southern China respond to the dehumidification of CNC machine tools in summer and rainy seasons. Working environment temperature should be between 0 ~ 35 °C, to avoid direct sunlight on the CNC machine tools, the room should be equipped with a good lighting equipment. In order to improve the precision of the machined parts and reduce the thermal deformation of the machine tool, if conditions permit, the CNC machine tool can be installed in a relatively closed, air-conditioned plant. The relative humidity of the working environment should be less than 75%. CNC machine tools should be installed in a place away from liquid splashing and prevent drip leakage from the factory. Keep away from excessive dust and corrosive gases.
First, the numerical control equipment for the foundation requirements In the actual numerical control equipment use manufacturers, many equipment users ignore the requirements of the equipment installation environment, for heavy machine tools and precision machine tools, manufacturers generally provide the user with the machine foundation ground map, the user to do in advance Good machine foundation, after a period of maintenance, etc., the basics enter the stable phase, and then install the machine. Heavy-duty machine tools and precision machine tools must have a stable machine tool foundation. Otherwise, machine tool accuracy cannot be adjusted. Even after the adjustment will be repeated changes. Some small and medium-sized CNC machine tools do not have special requirements for the foundation. According to China's GB 50040-1996 “Power Machine Basic Design Specificationâ€, the following work should be done: General requirements Basic design, equipment manufacturers should provide the following information: Equipment model, speed, power, specifications of the outline size of several plans Wait. The center of gravity and center of gravity of the equipment. Outline of equipment base, auxiliary equipment, location of pipelines, pits, trenches, holes, grouting layer thickness, location of anchor bolts and embedded parts, etc. Equipment's disturbance and disturbance torque and its direction. Basic location and base map of nearby buildings. Geological survey data of construction site and ground dynamics experimental data. The equipment foundation is separated from the foundation of the building, the superstructure and the concrete floor. When the pipeline is connected to the machine and there is a great vibration, the isolation between the pipeline and the building should be taken. When equipment-based vibrations have adverse effects on nearby personnel, precision equipment, instrumentation, factory production and construction, isolation measures should be taken. The basic equipment design must not produce harmful uneven settlement. The installation of equipment anchor bolts should meet the following requirements: The depth of embedment of anchor bolts with hooks should not be less than 20 times the bolt diameter, and the embedment depth of anchor bolts with anchor plates should not be less than 15 bolt diameters. The anchor bolt axis should not be less than 4 times the bolt diameter from the base edge, and the edge margin of the reserved hole margin should not be less than 100 mm. When the requirements cannot be met, reinforcement measures should be taken. The thickness of the concrete under the bottom of the embedded anchor bolt should not be less than 50mm. When it is a reserved hole, the net thickness of the concrete under the hole bottom should not be less than 100mm. Table 1 Concrete Thickness of Metal Cutting Machine Foundation (m) Machine Tool Name Basic Concrete Thickness Horizontal Lathe 0.3+0.070L Vertical Lathe 0.5+0.150h Milling Machine 0.2+0.150L Gantry Milling Machine 0.3+0.075L Shaker 0.3+0.150h Gantry Planer 0.3+0.070L Internal Grinding Machine, Centerless Grinding Machine, Surface Grinding Machine 0.3+0.080L Guide Grinding Machine 0.4+0.080L Thread Grinder, Precision Cylindrical Grinding Machine, Gear Grinding Machine 0.4+0.100L Radial Drilling Machine 0.2+0.130h Deep Hole Drilling Machine 0.3+ 0.050L coordinate boring machine 0.5+0.150L horizontal boring machine, floor boring machine 0.3+0.120L horizontal boring machine 0.3+0.050L gear processing machine 0.3+0.150L vertical drilling machine 0.3 to 0.5 grading machine 0.6 to 1.0 Note: 1 in the table L is the length (m) of the machine's shape, and h is the height (m) of the machine tool. 2 The basic thickness in the table refers to the concrete thickness of the load-bearing part under the machine base (such as the horn, under the horn). For CNC equipment, the following requirements should also be followed: The machine classification can be divided according to the following principles: Medium and small machine tools refer to stand-alone machines weighing less than 100kN. Large-scale machine tools refer to stand-alone machines weighing between 100 and 300 kN. Heavy-duty machine tools are single machines weighing between 300 and 1000 kN. In addition to the above “general requirementsâ€, the equipment manufacturer should also provide the following information when designing the basic design of numerical control equipment: The external dimensions of the machine tool. When the basic tilt and deformation affect the machining accuracy of the machine tool or calculate the basic reinforcement, the distribution of the gravity of the machine tool and the machined workpiece, the movement of the machine tool or the gravity of the machined workpiece and its moving range are still needed. Heavy and precision machine tools should be installed on a separate basis. When performing a separate basic installation, the following specifications should be followed: The base plane size must not be smaller than the outer dimensions of the machine's bearing area, and it should meet the required dimensions for installation, adjustment and maintenance. The basic concrete thickness should meet the requirements of Table 1. Ordinary machine tools that increase machining accuracy may be increased by 5% to 10% of the thickness of concrete in Table 5-1. For the machining center series machine tools, the basic concrete thickness can be selected according to the type of the combined machine tool, and the higher precision or longer profile is adopted for the same type of machine tool in Table 5-1. When the basic inclination and deformation have an effect on the machining accuracy of the machine tool, the deformation checking calculation should be performed. When the deformation cannot meet the requirements, measures such as artificially reinforcing the foundation or increasing the foundation stiffness should be taken. For machines with high processing accuracy and a gravity of 500 kN or more, when the foundation is built on a soft foundation, pre-compression reinforcement measures should be adopted for the foundation. The pre-compressed gravity can be 1.4-2.0 times the sum of the gravity of the machine tool and the maximum weight of the workpiece. It can be distributed according to the actual load and reach pre-compressed gravity in stages. The pre-pressing time can be determined according to the consolidation of the foundation. Precision machine tools should be kept away from machines with large dynamic loads. The foundations of large, heavy machine tools or precision machine tools should be separated from the foundation of the factory building. The design of the precision machine tool base may adopt one of the following measures: Set a vibration isolation trench around the foundation. The depth of the vibration isolation trench shall be the same as the base depth, and the width shall be 100mm. The vibration isolation trench shall be free of space or be filled with sponges, latex, etc. . In the base around the paste of foam, polystyrene and other vibration isolation materials. In the base around the joints and concrete floor off, the gap should be filled with asphalt, linen and other elastic materials. When precision machining of precision machine tools is required to be high, vibration isolation measures can be taken on the foundation or at the bottom of the machine tool according to the conditions of environmental vibration. Equipment management personnel of equipment users and personnel of related organizations should cooperate with basic designers to carry out relevant basic designs. For more detailed information on basic design of other numerical control equipment and precision equipment, please refer to GB 50040-1996 "Power Machinery Basics. "Design Code" and GB 50037-1996 "Building Ground Design Code" two national standards. In short, the equipment foundation is the basis for the good work of the equipment at the later stage and the high level of economic efficiency. Second, the numerical control equipment to the power requirement The power source is to maintain the normal work of the system energy support part, its direct result which the failure or the breakdown is causes the system to stop or destroys the entire system. In addition, part of the numerical control system's operating data, setting data and processing programs are generally stored in the RAM memory. After the system is powered off, it is maintained by the backup battery or lithium battery of the power supply. As a result, the downtime is relatively long, and plugging in and plugging in the power supply or memory may cause data loss and prevent the system from operating. At the same time, because the CNC equipment uses a three-phase AC 380V power supply, so the safety is also an important part of the pre-installation work of CNC equipment. Based on the above reasons, the power supply for the CNC equipment has the following requirements: Grid voltage fluctuations should be controlled Between +10% and -15%, while China's power supply fluctuations are large and of poor quality, such disturbances as high-frequency pulses are also hidden, as well as human factors (such as sudden power failure). During the peak hours of electricity, for example, during the day and one hour before work or before work, and even at night, there are often more excesses, even up to ±20%. Causes the machine to alarm and cannot perform normal work and damages the machine's power system. It even led to the loss of relevant parameter data. This phenomenon has occurred in machine tools such as CNC machining centers or turning centers, and has a high frequency of occurrence and should be taken seriously. It is recommended to configure the AC voltage regulator power supply system with automatic compensation adjustment function in the centralized workshop of the CNC machine tool; a single CNC machine tool can be independently configured with an AC voltage regulator to solve. It is recommended to connect mechanical electrical equipment to a single power supply. If it is necessary to use other power sources to supply certain parts of the electrical equipment (such as electronic circuits, electromagnetic clutches), these power sources should be taken from devices (such as transformers, transducers, etc.) that are part of the mechanical electrical equipment as much as possible. For large complex machinery including many machines that work together in a coordinated manner and occupy more space, it may require more than one incoming power source, which is determined by the configuration of the site power supply. Unless the mechanical electrical equipment is directly connected to the power supply with a plug/socket, it is recommended that the power cord be connected directly to the power supply switch of the power switch. If this is not possible, set a separate terminal block for the power cord. The handle of the power cut-off switch should be easily accessible and should be installed between 0.6m and 1.9m above the easy-to-operate position. The upper limit is recommended to be 1.7m. This can quickly cut off electricity in case of an emergency, reducing losses and casualties. Third, numerical control equipment for compressed air supply system requirements CNC machine tools generally use a lot of pneumatic components, so the plant should be connected to a clean, dry compressed air supply system network. Its flow and pressure should meet the requirements. The compressed air machine is installed away from the CNC machine. According to the layout of the plant and the amount of gas used, consideration should be given to installing the refrigerated air in the compressed air supply system network to such equipment as coal machines, air filters, gas storage tanks, and safety valves.