With the development of network information technology, information resources sharing, online video conferences, and online classroom applications have greatly advanced the reform and development of higher education. At the same time, network security management, that is, the security management of college campus networks is becoming more and more important. One of the most important security issues is often neglected, namely the lightning protection of campus network in colleges and universities.
The Main Problems of Campus Lightning Protection in Colleges and Universities
The campus network is an open network. There are mainly the following mine-deficit weaknesses:
1. From the view that the campus network was damaged by thunder and lightning, most of the buildings that have reached the network have no grounding system available, and some buildings do not conform to the standard grounding system, and some of them are seriously corroded by the ground. The grounding system is in name only, and the condition of each building grounding system is also very different. The grounding resistance of some buildings is too large, which greatly reduces the protective effect it should have.
2. Most of the network switches in the building ridges on the campus are installed at the entrance of the dormitory building. The power supply is connected to the power switch of the dormitory building. There is no relevant protection for the power supply. The overvoltage caused by lightning induction may easily cause damage to the switch. In addition, the length of the twisted pair used to access the user varies, some as long as 30 to 40 meters, and the main path is mostly up and down along the inner wall of the corridor, easily inducing lightning damage to the communication port.
3, campus network system equipment used switches, routers, servers, computers, etc. Most of them are composed of microelectronic devices, no system of lightning protection measures, their own anti-overvoltage capability is not strong. Lightning can easily damage these electronic devices. In general, the anti-overvoltage capability of the switch port device is much lower than that of the device used in the internal power supply, so lightning strike accidents cause damage to the switch port.
Campus Network Thunder Protection Design and Measures
1. Direct lightning protection and ground network engineering
A good grounding system is an important guarantee for personal protection, equipment safety, and system stability. It is also an important basis for lightning protection systems. Especially in strong minefields, a reasonable grounding system can quickly discharge the lightning current, reduce the residual voltage, prevent ground potential counterattacks, and effectively reduce the threat of lightning.
2. Protection of the power system
For the protection of the power line of the campus network, first, the power supply entering the main distribution room of the system should be laid underground with a metal armored cable. The two ends of the cable armor should be well grounded; if the cable does not have armored layers, The cable should be buried through the steel pipe, the steel pipe should be grounded at both ends, and the length of the buried ground should not be less than 15m. The power lines from the main power distribution room to the distribution box in each building and the power distribution box in the computer room should be laid with metal armored cables. This can greatly reduce the possibility of over-voltage induced by the power line.
The main function of the power supply lightning protection is to prevent the lightning overvoltage from entering the device from the power supply side, ensuring the smooth flow of equipment and data transmission. The ground of the common socket must be grounded. The quality of the ground wire not only directly affects the performance of the power surge protector but also affects the performance of the signal surge protector.
3. Protection of signal systems
Although lightning protection devices are installed on external incoming lines such as power supplies and communication lines, the overvoltage induced by network cables (such as twisted pair) during lightning strikes will affect the normal operation of the network and even completely destroy the network system. In the case of DDN or ISDN, which is accessed by a foreign line, it must be protected on the network interface of the important line, such as the internal and external network interfaces of the firewall. The installation of RJ45 lightning protectors, etc., can prevent severe damage to network equipment caused by lightning strikes if there is a lightning strike. The network transmission line mainly uses optical fiber and twisted pair. The optical fiber does not need special lightning protection measures. However, if the outdoor optical fiber is overhead, the metal part of the optical fiber needs to be grounded. The shielding effect of twisted pair is poor, so the possibility of induced lightning strike is relatively large. Such signal lines should be laid in the shielded wire troughs. The shielded wire troughs should be well grounded; metal pipes can also be laid and the metal pipes should be kept in full line. Electrical connection, and both ends of the metal tube should be well grounded. Should consider the working voltage, transmission rate, interface form etc. comprehensively. All lightning protectors should be well grounded.
4. Equipotential bonding
The central equipment room where the backbone switch of the integrated network system is located shall be provided with a pressure equalizing ring to electrically connect all metal objects in the equipment room, including cable shielding, metal pipes, metal doors and windows, equipment enclosures, and metal components such as metal pipes entering and leaving the building. Connect to the equalizing ring to equalize the potential.
Commercial Gym Equipment
Commercial gyms provide professional fitness equipment for fitness enthusiasts to help them achieve better exercise. Usually refers to high-quality and durable fitness equipment used in commercial venues such as gyms, fitness clubs, and hotel gyms.
1. Treadmill: Commercial treadmills come in two styles: touchscreen and button options. They offer features such as adjustable speed, slope, and preset exercise modes.
2. Elliptical trainer: Elliptical trainer is a device that has a good effect on cardiovascular and pulmonary function exercise. Commercial elliptical machines are typically equipped with advanced features such as LCD screens, Bluetooth connectivity, and multiple sports meter modes.
3. Stair climbing machine: Tighten the gluteal and thigh muscles while using the stair climbing machine, without damaging the knee and ankle joints. Equipped with an infrared automatic sensing brake device, it is very safe to use.
4. Fitness bikes: This includes upright bike,recumbent bike,spinning bike. They offer various resistance levels and comfort options.
5. Strength training equipment: This includes cable crossover machines, dual adjustable pulley machines,smith machines, squat rack, and various types of free weights. These components are typically designed with safety features and ergonomic handles.
6. Free weights plate loaded: such as chest press, leg press, front pulldown, etc., increase the weight of barbell plates according to their own exercise needs, allowing users to effectively target specific muscle groups.
7. Other aerobic equipment: In addition to treadmills, elliptical cross trainer, and stair climbers, other aerobic exercise equipment may include rowing machines, vibration machine, and ski machine.
8. Free weight: including dumbbells, barbells, kettlebells, etc; Usually placed on shelves or supports to ensure safety and ease of access.
9. Gym Fitness Accessories: such as yoga mats, yoga balls, resistance bands, bosu balls, aerobic step, etc., can be used for various exercises.
When choosing commercial fitness equipment, factors to consider include durability, safety, ease of maintenance, and user friendliness.
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