The inner and outer contours shown in Figure 1 are machined and programmed with the tool radius compensation command. The tool diameter is 8mm.

Figure 1 processing map

Analysis: The outer contour cuts into p1→p2 along the tangent direction of the arc, and cuts out along the tangential direction p2→p3. According to the judgment, the left tool radius compensation is used. When the inner contour is processed, p4→p5 is the cut-in section, and p6→p4 is the cut-out section, so the right tool radius compensation is used. After the machining of the outer contour is completed, the left tool radius compensation is canceled. When the tool is moved to point p4, the right tool radius compensation is established. For processing, square blanks with a height of 14 mm and a side length of 240 mm should be used.

The procedure is as follows:

program

Comments

O0100

Program number

N010 G90 G92 X0. Y0. Z100. ;

Absolute value input to establish the workpiece coordinate system

N020 G00 Z2. S150 M03 ;

Z axis moves to Z=2, spindle rotates forward, speed is 150r/min

N030 X20. Y-44. ;

Fast feed to X=20,Y-=-44

N040 G01 Z-4. F100;

Z axis feed to Z=-4, feed speed 100mm/s

N050 G41 X0. Y-40. H01;

Linear interpolation to X=0, y=-40, tool radius left compensation H01=4mm

N060 G02 X0. Y-40. I0. J40. ;

Round interpolation to X=0, Y=-40

N070 G40 X-20. Y-44. ;

Linear interpolation to X=-20, Y=-44, cancel tool radius compensation

N080 G00 Z2. ;

Z axis to Z=2

N090 X0. Y15. ;

Fast feed to X=0, Y=15

N100 G01 Z-4. ;

Z axis feed to Z=-4

N110 G42 X0. Y0. H01 ;

Linear interpolation to X=0, Y=0, tool radius right compensation H01=4mm

N120 G02 X-30. Y0. I-15. J0. ;

Round interpolation to X=-30, Y=0

N130 X30. Y0. I30. J0. ;

Round interpolation to X=30, Y=0

N140 X0. Y0. I-15. J0.

Round interpolation to X=0, Y=0

N150 G40 G01 X0. Y15. ;

Linear interpolation to X=0, Y=15, cancel tool radius compensation

N160 G00 Z100. ;

Z axis moves to Z=100

N170 X0. Y0. M05;

Rapid feed to X=0, Y=0, spindle stop

N180 M30 ;

The end of the main program

The following uses the software “Numerical Control Simulation System” to introduce the specific operation process:

This program uses the G92 positioning coordinate system. The tool position should be moved to the point 100 mm above the center of the workpiece as the starting point. The machining results are shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2 Sample processing results

1. Select the machine

As shown in Figure 3, click on the menu "Machine/Select Machine...". In the Select Machine dialog box, the control system selects FANUC, the machine type selects the vertical milling machine and presses the OK button. The interface is shown in Figure 4.

Figure 3 "Machine" menu and selecting machine dialog

Figure 4 "Numerical Control Simulation System" Software Interface

2. Machine zeroing

As shown in Figure 5, click the left mouse button on the MODE knob of the operation panel, and then turn the knob to the REF file, and then click the JOG plus button. At this time, the X axis will return to zero, and the X axis indicator on the corresponding operation panel will be on. At the same time, the X coordinate on the CRT changes; in turn, right-click the knob, and then use the left button to click the plus button to return the Y and Z axes to zero. At this time, the indicators on the CRT and the operation panel are shown in Figure 6. At the same time the change of the machine tool is shown in Figure 7.

Figure 5 MODE knob on the operation panel

Figure 6 Indicators on the CRT interface and operation panel

Figure 7 Milling position

3. Installation parts

Click on the menu "Parts/Define Blanks..." and in the Define Blank dialog box (Figure 8), change the part size to height 14, length and width 240, and press the OK button.

Figure 8 Define Blank dialog box

Click on the menu "Parts/Install Fixtures...". In the Select Fixtures dialog box (Figure 9), select the part bar and select "Blank 1". Select the fixture bar and select "Technology". Use the default values ​​for the fixture dimensions and click OK. Button.

Figure 9 Select Fixture Dialog

Click on the menu "Parts/Place Parts...". In the Select Parts dialog box (Figure 10), select the part with the name "Blank 1" and press the OK button. The panel that controls the part movement appears on the interface and can be used to move it. Parts, here click the exit button on the panel to close the panel. The machine tool is shown in Figure 11 and the parts are placed on the machine table.

Figure 10 Select Part dialog

Figure 11 Moving parts panel and parts on the machine

Click on the menu "Parts / Install Platen", in the Select Platen dialog box, click on the left side of the pattern, select the installation of four pressure plate, the platen size with the default value, click the OK button, then the machine bed surface parts have been installed plate, As shown in Figure 12.

Figure 12 "Select Platen" Dialog Box and Parts After Installing Platen

4. Enter the editor

The NC program can be input and saved as a text format file using editing software such as Notepad or WordPad, or it can be directly input using the FANUC MDI keyboard. Here the NC program has been pre-stored in a text file "fmSample.nc".

Click on the menu "Machine/DNC Transfer...", select the file "fmSample.nc" in the Open File dialog (Figure 13) and click the Open button.

Figure 13 Open File Dialog Box

Click on the menu "View / Control Panel Switch" to open the FANUC MDI keyboard. The interface is shown in Figure 14.

Figure 14 "Numerical Control Simulation System" interface

Click the PRGRM key on the MDI keyboard. The CRT is as shown in Figure 15; enter O01 once by pressing the MDI keyboard, and then click the key to enter the pre-edited NC program. The CRT is shown in Figure 15.

Figure 15 CRT interface before and after entering NC program

How to edit and output the NC program through the MDI keyboard is introduced in the later NC program editing.

5. Check the running track

You can switch the MODE knob on the operation panel to DRY RUN, and then click on the button START on the operation panel to observe the trajectory of the NC program. You can also use the dynamic rotation, dynamic scaling, and dynamic translation in the View menu. The omni-directional dynamic observation of the three-dimensional movement trajectory is performed in such manner as shown in FIG. 16 .

Fig. 16 MODE knob and running track of operation panel

6. For reference, loading tool

The trajectory is correct, indicating that the input program is basically correct. The NC program uses the center point of the upper surface of the part as the origin. The following describes how to establish the relationship between the workpiece coordinate system and the machine coordinate system by using the reference.

Click on the menu “Machine/reference tool...” and select the rigid cylindrical reference tool on the left in the reference tool dialog box, with a diameter of 14 mm, as shown in Figure 17; switch the MODE knob on the operation panel to JOG, and click the POS button on the MDI keyboard. Use the JOG buttons on the operation panel and the X, Y, and Z axis control knobs to move the machine to the approximate position shown in Figure 18.

Figure 17 Benchmark tool

Figure 18 on the benchmark

Click “Feeder check/1mm” in the menu, firstly reference the X-axis direction, move the reference tool to the position shown in Figure 19, and switch the MODE knob of the operation panel to STEP, by adjusting the override knob on the operation panel and The JOG button moves the reference tool so that the prompt message dialog box displays “result of feeler check: fit”. Note the X coordinate 113.503 in the CRT at this time. This is the X coordinate of the reference tool center, so the X coordinate of the workpiece center is 113.503-1 (Gauge)-14/2 (reference tool) - 240/2 (workpiece) = -14.497, the Y coordinate of the center of the workpiece is also obtained - 153.429.

After the X, Y direction of the reference is good, raise and click on the menu "Machine / removal tool" to remove the reference tool, click on the menu "machine / select tool", select a flat knife with a diameter of 8mm, as shown in Figure 20, installed the tool After that, the machine tool is shown in Figure 21. In a similar way, the Z coordinate of the upper surface of the workpiece is -404.000.

Figure 19 feeler check

Figure 20 Select tool

Figure 21 Z axis direction knife

7. Setting parameters

There are two ways to determine the relationship between the workpiece and the machine coordinate system. One is through G54-G59 and the other is through G92. The G92 method is used here: the coordinate data of the workpiece obtained by the reference on the machine tool is combined with the size of the workpiece itself to calculate the position of the workpiece origin in the machine tool, and the position when the machine tool starts the automatic processing is determined.

Tool compensation parameter input: Here the radius compensation value is 4mm.

Switch the MODE knob of the operation panel to EDIT mode, as shown in Fig. 22, then click on the menu "Try / Control Panel Switch" to open the MDI panel, and then click the MENU OF SET button twice. The CRT is shown in Fig. 23; click the MDI panel one by one ←4 X,. T, INPUT button, the CRT at this time as shown in Figure 24, the completion of the tool offset data input.

Figure 22 MODE knob

Figure 23 CRT

Figure 24 CRT panel

8. Automatic processing

After the machine position is determined and the tool offset data is input, automatic processing can be started. First move the tool to the position 100mm above the center of the workpiece, ie (-14.497, -153.429, -404+100). At this time, switch the MODE knob of the operation panel to AUTO (see Figure 25). Click the START button and the machine will start to run automatically. Processing, processing the finished pattern is shown in Figure 2.

Figure 25 MODE knob

Cobalt Based Alloy Powder

Cobalt-based alloy powders are commonly used in plasma transfer arc welding (PTAW) due to their excellent high-temperature properties and resistance to wear and corrosion. These alloys are typically composed of cobalt as the base metal, with various alloying elements such as chromium, tungsten, nickel, and carbon added to enhance specific properties.

The use of cobalt-based alloy powders in PTAW offers several advantages, including:

1. High-temperature strength: Cobalt-based alloys exhibit excellent strength and resistance to deformation at elevated temperatures, making them suitable for welding applications that involve high heat.

2. Wear resistance: These alloys have a high hardness and resistance to wear, making them ideal for welding applications where the welded parts are subjected to abrasive or erosive conditions.

3. Corrosion resistance: Cobalt-based alloys offer good resistance to corrosion, making them suitable for welding applications in aggressive environments, such as those involving chemicals or saltwater.

4. Thermal conductivity: Cobalt-based alloys have good thermal conductivity, allowing for efficient heat transfer during welding and reducing the risk of heat-affected zone (HAZ) defects.

5. Compatibility with other materials: Cobalt-based alloys can be easily welded to a wide range of base metals, including stainless steels, nickel alloys, and other cobalt-based alloys, providing versatility in welding applications.

To use cobalt-based alloy powders for PTAW, the powder is typically fed into the plasma arc using a powder feeder. The powder is then melted by the high-temperature plasma arc and deposited onto the workpiece, forming a weld bead. The specific welding parameters, such as arc current, travel speed, and powder feed rate, will depend on the specific alloy and application requirements.

It is important to note that the selection of the cobalt-based alloy powder should be based on the specific welding application and the desired properties of the final weld. Different cobalt-based a

Co Powder,Cobalt 6 Powder,Cobalt 12 Powder,Cobalt 21 Powder

Luoyang Golden Egret Geotools Co., Ltd , https://www.xtchvof.com