Recently, Northwestern University and Argonne National Laboratory in the Solar Energy magazine published an article pointed out that China's solar panel manufacturing industry's overall carbon footprint and energy consumption is higher than in Europe. The study uses life-cycle analysis, a systematic assessment that compares energy and greenhouse gas emissions in the solar cell manufacturing industry in China and Europe, ranging from silicon mining to the manufacture of solar panels but does not include the delivery of solar panels to The energy cost of the final destination. Assuming the use of silicon-based solar panels in sunny southern Europe, it takes 20% to 30% longer for Chinese-made solar panels to generate enough energy to offset the energy used to make the panels, and its carbon footprint is Twice in Europe The biggest problem, researchers say, is that China has less environmental and energy efficiency standards for factories and more electricity comes from coal and other non-renewable sources. While moving from Europe to China may make solar panel manufacturing economically an attractive option, it is actually less sustainable in terms of life-cycle energy consumption and the environment. However, as China strengthens environmental regulation, the gap is expected to narrow gradually. The study also compared different types of silicon-based solar panels: single-crystal silicon panels, for example, were better at capturing solar than the other types, but also had the longest energy recovery because of the more energy-intensive manufacturing process. Polycrystalline silicon solar cells Second, followed by silicon solar panels, energy recovery time is shortest, but efficiency is lower. To encourage sustainable production, researchers have proposed a balanced carbon tariff model for the international trade of silicon-based photovoltaic modules based on differences in carbon footprint and energy efficiency in different manufacturing regions. Antimony Ingot,Antimony Lead Ingots,Antimony Metal Ingots,Bismuth Metal Ingot HUNAN ZHONGNAN ANTIMONY&TUNGSTEN TRADING CO.,LTD , https://www.zhongnanats.com