Abstract: In 2010, it was a disaster year. From the Zijin mining dam break to the catastrophic mudslides in Zhouqu, Gansu, to the pollution incidents in the Dalian waters of CNPC, many lessons of blood lingered in people's hearts. According to the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the total amount of pollutants discharged in China is still high, and the environmental situation is still severe.

Climate Conference Tianjin Conference

From October 4 to 9, 2010, the UN’s fourth climate change talks this year and the 12th meeting of the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Long-Term Cooperative Action of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (AWG-LCA) and Annex I countries to the Kyoto Protocol The 14th meeting of the AWG-KP continued to be held in Tianjin. This is also the first time that the Chinese government has hosted the formal climate change conference under the UN framework.

The conference was held in Tianjin Meijiang Convention and Exhibition Center. From September 28 to October 3, preliminary consultations were organized between developing country groups and regions. From October 10th to 11th, a ministerial meeting on climate change in the “four basic countries” of China, India, Brazil, and South Africa was held in Tianjin. At the meeting, representatives from other developing countries such as the chairman of the Group of 77 were invited to attend the meeting. To jointly promote the global response to climate change.

The Tianjin Conference was the last formal negotiation meeting before the end of the Mexican Cancun Conference in Mexico. About 3,000 people from the Parties to the Convention and the Protocol, as well as observer countries, relevant UN agencies, intergovernmental organizations, non-governmental organizations and the media attended the meeting. Xie Zhenhua, deputy director of the National Development and Reform Commission, said that the purpose of hosting the meeting was to maintain the status of the negotiation and the main channel of the protocol, promote the dual-track negotiation process in accordance with the Bali roadmap, and achieve a comprehensive and balanced positive outcome for the Cancun meeting at the end of the year. make a contribution.

The Executive Secretary of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Cristina Figueres, said at the press conference held after the meeting that the Tianjin Conference had achieved "tangible results" and "the parties are now reaching a meeting in Cancun, Mexico, at the end of this year. A resolution of a clear-cut package is one step closer. "This meeting is very constructive and a good opportunity to deal with climate change. It is particularly important that this opportunity can safeguard the basic interests of mankind. This is also where we negotiate. The reason for this is also the direction that governments are trying to make.”

Climate negotiations Cancun meeting

From November 29 to December 10, 2010, the 16th meeting of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and the 6th meeting of the Kyoto Protocol were held in Cancun, Mexico.

The purpose of the meeting was to determine the emission reduction targets for developed country Parties in the second commitment period after 2012 under the Kyoto Protocol; second, they did not participate in the “Convention” long-term cooperative action ad hoc working group. The developed countries of the Kyoto Protocol should bear the emission reduction targets comparable to those of other developed countries. The focus of the meeting was on funding and technology. More than 10,000 countries participated in more than 190 countries.

After intense consultations in the past two weeks, the UN Cancun Climate Conference closed on the early morning of the 11th, local time. The meeting adopted two resolutions to deal with climate change.

The survival of the "Kyoto Protocol" is the cornerstone of this meeting. Although the "Kyoto Protocol" was finally maintained, it contained a strong wrestle process among countries. During the meeting, Xie Zhenhua, deputy director of the National Development and Reform Commission and head of the Chinese delegation to the Cancun climate conference, reiterated on many occasions China's position of firm defense of the Kyoto Protocol. The "Kyoto Protocol" is currently the only legally binding climate protection agreement. It has established mandatory emission reduction greenhouse gas goals for nearly 40 developed countries and the European Union. Its first commitment period will expire in 2012.

The important results of the Cancun meeting are embodied in the maintenance of the "dual track" negotiation mechanism and the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities", the implementation of financial assistance, and the promotion of humanity's joint response to climate change. The Cancun Conference demonstrated the need of developing countries to adhere to development. It took a step forward in solving the sources of financial resources for developed countries to provide financial assistance to developing countries, small island nations and the least developed countries. It established the “Green Climate Fund”. The implementation of 30 billion U.S. dollars of developed countries to quickly start climate financing to meet the short-term needs of developing countries, and to raise 100 billion U.S. dollars by 2020 to help poor countries develop low-carbon economy, protect tropical rain forests, and share clean energy technologies.

UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon issued a statement on the 11th through his spokesperson, saying that the Cancun climate conference has achieved "a great success that the world urgently needs" and that "national governments have come together for common cause and common interests and have responded to us further. The great challenge was reached."

Nitrogen Oxides Emission Reduction into the Twelfth Five-Year Hard Index

On December 21, 2010, relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Environmental Protection stated in the 2010 annual meeting and the “Eleventh Five-Year” video conference on verification of total pollutant emission reduction of major pollutants. During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” period, China will continue to promote chemical needs. At the same time as the amount of oxygen and sulfur dioxide emission reduction, ammonia nitrogen and nitrogen oxides are taken as the new binding indicators.

In May 2010, the Ministry of Environmental Protection announced the "12th Five-Year Plan for the preparation of major pollutants total control plan technical guidance (draft for comment)". The most noticeable change in the guideline is the emergence of two new indicators for "total quantity control", namely ammonia nitrogen and nitrogen oxides. The specific reduction control targets are formulated as follows: The total ammonia nitrogen emission control target will be reduced by 10% compared with 2010, and the total nitrogen oxide emissions in key industries and key areas will be reduced by 10% compared with 2010.

In October, the Ministry of Environmental Protection also announced the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan for National Environmental Protection Standards (Draft for Soliciting Opinions)”, which also stipulated new emission reduction standards for ammonia nitrogen and nitrogen oxides.

The environmental quality bulletin in recent years shows that ammonia nitrogen in surface water has gradually become the most important pollution project, and even exceeding chemical oxygen demand has become the primary indicator affecting the environmental quality of surface water. This situation also exists in the treatment of air pollution. Satellite monitoring found that sulfur dioxide over China began to decline sharply after 2006, with a drop of about 20%. However, the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the air is increasing.

According to the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the total amount of pollutants discharged in China is still high, and the environmental situation is still severe. At present, the load of sulfur dioxide, COD, and ammonia nitrogen emissions is still large, and the nitrogen oxide emissions continue to grow rapidly. The pollution from motor vehicles and agricultural sources is increasingly prominent. The concentration of sulfur dioxide remains at a relatively high level, and the industrial-intensive areas from Beijing to Shanghai have become one of the regions with the most serious tropospheric nitrogen dioxide pollution in the world. Ash and photochemical smog pollution are intensifying. During the “12th Five-Year Plan” period, China’s resource and environmental pressures are still very large, and new emissions of major pollutants will continue to increase. The task of emission reduction is still quite arduous.

Zijin Mining Dam Break Event

On July 3 and July 16, 2010, the Zijinshan Gold and Copper Mine Wet Process Plant of Zijin Mining Group Co., Ltd. suffered from leakage of copper-containing acidic solution twice, resulting in a major water pollution accident in Tingjiang River and a direct economic loss of 3,187.71. Ten thousand yuan. Subsequently, the vice president of Zijin Mining was detained due to pollution incidents. The Shanghang county's county chief was suspended due to pollution.

In September of the same year, the Department of Environmental Protection of Fujian Province issued the maximum penalty for this environmental pollution incident: In the case of the environmental violation of the Zijinshan Gold and Copper Mine, a heavy fine of RMB 5.973313 million was imposed on Zijinshan Gold and Copper Mine, and they were ordered to take remedial measures. Eliminating pollution until governance is completed.

On December 14, the government of Longyan City, Fujian Province, disclosed that Zijin Mining has implemented 63 rectification requirements issued by the “3. 3” Incident Follow-up Emergency Disposal Command, 43 of which have been completed, and 19 projects are under implementation. The other will be planned later. And consider.

According to reports, Zijin Mining is carrying out environmental impact assessment, hydrogeology, and mine safety assessment. It is expected to release an assessment report by the end of January next year. The copper wet plant will be re-planned and a wastewater treatment system with a capacity of up to 65,000 tons per day will be newly constructed. 153 million cubic meters of regulation library.

Before the “Break Dam”, Zijin Mining repeatedly went to the environmental protection black list in the verification of the environmental protection department.

On September 21 this year, Zijin Mining relocated to a dam in Guangdong and caused a total of 22 deaths and 523 houses collapsed. According to sources, the accidents in Zijin Mining in recent years are not just the above two. There have been 11 similar accidents in the past 13 years.

On December 27, the Fujian Environmental Protection Bureau announced that due to the water pollution incident of the Zijin Mining subsidiary in July this year, its chairman Chen Jinghe, executive vice president and Zou Laichang, Zijinshan gold and copper mine chief were respectively retire with RMB 706,000 and RMB 77.97 million. Fine.

The Zijin Mining Dam Incident was a terrible environmental pollution incident. It is worth noting that in real life, such accidents and events that occurred due to poor supervision and out of control supervision are not rare, and almost all major accidents or events are Occurrence has been accompanied by the corruption and illegality of some local governments and their supervisory departments. There are serious phenomena of power being sold. In some places, law enforcement agencies and regulatory agencies have been bought by companies and become an accomplice in corporate violations.

Dalian PetroChina Pollution Incident

At about 18:20 on July 16, 2010, Dalian Xingang to PetroChina Dalian bonded oil depot pipeline flashed during the oil unloading operation of the oil tanker, causing oil in the pipeline to catch fire, causing tens of thousands of tons of crude oil to enter the sea, setting off an oil spill accident in China. The most.

On July 23, the State Administration of Work Safety and the Ministry of Public Security announced the preliminary cause of the accident, saying that under the condition that the “Cosmic Gem” oil tanker had suspended the unloading operation, Huishengda Company and Xiangcheng Company continued to move into the oil pipeline. Injection of crude desulfurizers containing strong oxidants causes chemical explosions within the pipeline.

As of July 29, Dalian Marine and Fisheries Bureau recovered 95,845 tons of oil spilled from the sea. Together with the CNOOC mobilized by the Oceanic Administration, a total of 11,227 tons of oil spills were recovered, accounting for 92% of the total oil spill recovery in the entire country.

The "7.16" fire accident was a serious responsibility for production safety and was also a major environmental pollution incident. The monitoring results of China's maritime surveillance ship at 13:30 on July 19 showed that the contaminated sea area is about 430 square kilometers, of which the heavily polluted sea area is about 12 square kilometers, and the general polluted sea area is about 52 square kilometers. The oil spill poses a great threat to the quality of sea water, ecosystems and marine life in Dalian Bay.

Greenpeace, the international environmental organization, pointed out that both the process of cleaning up oil and the coordination of the surrounding aquaculture and tourism industries have great hidden dangers to health and safety.

At about 16:10 on October 24, a fire broke out in the oil storage facility of Dalian PetroChina International Storage & Transportation Co., Ltd.

With the increase of transportation volume and ship density, the risk of catastrophic ship accidents in China has gradually increased, and China’s sea areas may be the most frequent areas of ship oil spill accidents and heavy disaster areas.

Anomaly Debris Flow Disaster in Zhouqu, Gansu

At about 23:30 on August 7, 2010, a mudslide occurred in Zhouqu County, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, which was the most serious landslide and debris flow disaster since the founding of New China.

As of October 11, 2010, 1501 were killed and 264 were missing. Under the impact of mudslides in Zhouqu, 2.4 square kilometers of land were affected. Many houses in urban and rural areas were damaged and affected 26,000 people. Infrastructures such as transportation, water supply, power supply, and communications were paralyzed. The Bailong River channel was severely congested. The time was flooded, causing serious damage.

Chen Jianhua, secretary of the Communist Party of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, said that the "May 12" earthquake caused the mountain to loosen, and more than half a year of long-term drought, coupled with the instantaneous heavy rainstorm, was the main cause of this mega-natural disaster.

After investigation, the experts found that in the past, Zhouqu was mostly a lush tree with very few mudslides. Due to the prevalence of deforestation and deforestation, the mountains around Zhouqu almost turned into bare barren hills. With the use of commercial timber and resale and embezzlement, the forest area of ​​the county has been reduced by 100,000 square meters per year. The vegetation has been seriously damaged and the ecological environment has been damaged by excessive limits. The soil erosion has been extremely serious and sudden heavy rains have occurred, causing serious mudslides to occur. .

Jilin Chemical barrels flow into the Songhua River

At 12 o'clock on the July 28, 2010, the peak of the Wendehe River across Yongji County, Jilin City was flooded. The warehouses of the two companies of Xinyaqiang Bio-Chemical Co., Ltd. and Jilin Zhongxin Group in the Economic Development Zone of Yongji County were destroyed by floods. Only the material buckets left and right were flushed into the Wind River and flowed into the Songhua River.

After the incident, Jilin Province quickly established eight lines of defense in order to intercept more efficiently and thoroughly. The environmental protection department has set up seven monitoring sections along the river, including the upstream control section, to comprehensively monitor the Songhua River water quality.

The Ministry of Environmental Protection dispatched a working group to the site to guide emergency response work and deployed seven monitoring sections along the Songhua River to strengthen water quality monitoring to ensure the safety of drinking water for the people.

As of 16:00 on August 1st, Jilin Province had retrieved 6,387 raw material barrels. After searching by eight search teams, another 684 raw material barrels were discovered and locked. At present, there is no chemical barrels flowing out of Jilin Province.

Sichuan Yingxiu debris flow disaster

From August 12, 2010, there have been three consecutive heavy rainfall events in some areas of Sichuan Province, and heavy rains have occurred in some localities, resulting in multiple and frequent mountain and river mudslides. Heavy rainfall and mountain floods are mainly concentrated in the Longmenshan earthquake fault zone. The roads are seriously damaged, which has affected some people's lives and the reconstruction of the earthquake-stricken areas.

On August 14th and 19th, two rounds of heavy rainfall led to the occurrence of catastrophic mudslides in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River. Debris flows poured into the Lancang River and diverted the Minjiang River.

In this debris flow disaster, Yingxiu Town, the epicenter of the “May 12” earthquake, was the hardest hit area. According to the Deputy County Magistrate of Wenchuan County, Luoerji Mu introduced that this massive mudslide brings economic losses in terms of personnel, agriculture, infrastructure, and projects under construction to Yingxiu Town, which is estimated to be around 630 million yuan.

Chaowei battery lead pollution incident

From November to December 2010, the “First Financial Daily” reported several times that the villagers of Wujialin Village of Xincheng Town, Ningyang County, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, reported that the local tax and profits taxpayer and Shandong Chaowei Power Co., Ltd. were in the village. The establishment of a factory less than 200 meters apart caused the villagers collective blood lead exceeding the standard.

On November 11, a joint petition named “The Voice of All the Villagers of Wujialin Village” was sent to the reporter of “First Financial Daily”, which sued the local taxpayer – producing plates and batteries for lead-acid batteries. Shandong Chaowei Power Co., Ltd. said that due to the company's establishment of a factory less than 200 meters away from the village, the collective blood lead of the villagers was exceeded, especially children. After repeated contact with Chaowei Power Supply, the village party branch, the township government, and the county environmental protection bureau, not only did they not pay attention, but they started to demolish the house from the end of October, leaving some villagers homeless. At the end of the joint name, the villagers’ signatures on the red handprints were also attached.

Lead-acid battery manufacturers have always been dubbed "two high and one capital", that is, high energy consumption, high pollution, and resources. In the past ten years, the state has successively issued a series of “Integrated Emission Standards for Air Pollutants”, “Standard for Sanitary Protection Distance of Lead Storage Battery Plants”, “Safety and Hygiene Regulations for Lead Work”, and “Hygienic Standards for Design of Industrial Enterprises” and a series of lead-related operations. Laws and regulations. For lead-acid battery manufacturers, the control is even more stringent. In China, less than half of the current 3,000 companies in China have obtained production licenses.

Concerning the lead pollution incident in Chaowei Battery, the Deputy Minister of State Environmental Protection Zhang Lie stated at the national environmental emergency management work conference held on December 17 that there were high incidences of heavy metal pollution in China and there were 9 blood lead incidents this year. Heavy metal pollution remains high, causing environmental emergency management to face enormous challenges.

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